Where is kras located

Note: Erratum: New Eng. Canon, J. Capon, D. Activation of Ki-ras2 gene in human colon and lung carcinomas by two different point mutations. Carta, C. Chacon-Camacho, O. Expansion of the phenotypic spectrum and description of molecular findings in a cohort of patients with oculocutaneous mosaic RASopathies. Genomic Med. Note: Electronic Article. Chandra, A. Nature Cell Biol. Note: Erratum: Nature Cell Biol. Chang, E. Human genome contains four genes homologous to transforming genes of Harvey and Kirsten murine sarcoma viruses.

Cirstea, I. Diverging gain-of-function mechanisms of two novel KRAS mutations associated with Noonan and cardio-facio-cutaneous syndromes. Collado, M. Senescence in premalignant tumours. Letter Nature only, Costa, R. Mechanism for the learning deficits in a mouse model of neurofibromatosis type 1. Cubilla, A. Morphological lesions associated with human primary invasive nonendocrine pancreas cancer. Cancer Res.

Der, C. Altered gene products are associated with activation of cellular ras-k genes in human lung and colon carcinomas. Transforming genes of human bladder and lung carcinoma cell lines are homologous to the ras genes of Harvey and Kirsten sarcoma viruses. Diaz, L. The molecular evolution of acquired resistance to targeted EGFR blockade in colorectal cancers. Dinulescu, D. Role of K-ras and Pten in the development of mouse models of endometriosis and endometrioid ovarian cancer.

Nature Med. Feig, L. Somatic activation of ras-K gene in a human ovarian carcinoma. Science , Gazin, C. An elaborate pathway required for Ras-mediated epigenetic silencing. Grimmond, S.

Detection of a rare point mutation in Ki-ras of a human bladder cancer xenograft by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. Groesser, L. Hafner, C. Keratinocytic epidermal nevi are associated with mosaic RAS mutations. Haigis, K. Differential effects of oncogenic K-Ras and N-Ras on proliferation, differentiation and tumor progression in the colon.

Hayashi, N. Ethnic difference in the pattern of K-ras oncogene mutations in human colorectal cancers. Heo, W. Holland, E. Combined activation of Ras and Akt in neural progenitors induces glioblastoma formation in mice. Hruban, R. Genetic progression in the pancreatic ducts. Commentary Clin. K-ras oncogene activation in adenocarcinoma of the human pancreas: a study of 82 carcinomas using a combination of mutant-enriched polymerase chain reaction analysis and allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization.

Jackson, E. Analysis of lung tumor initiation and progression using conditional expression of oncogenic K-ras. Genes Dev. Johnson, L. Somatic activation of the K-ras oncogene causes early onset lung cancer in mice. Johnson, S. Junttila, M. Selective activation of pmediated tumour suppression in high-grade tumours. Kerr, B. Letter Am.

Kerr, E. Mutant Kras copy number defines metabolic reprogramming and therapeutic susceptibilities. Kim, I. Kozma, S. The human c-Kirsten ras gene is activated by a novel mutation in codon 13 in the breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB Nucleic Acids Res.

Kranenburg, O. The KRAS oncogene: past, present, and future. Acta , Kratz, C. Laghi, L. Common occurrence of multiple K-RAS mutations in pancreatic cancers with associated precursor lesions and in biliary cancers. Oncogene , Lee, K. Clinicopathologic significance of the K-ras gene codon 12 point mutation in stomach cancer: an analysis of cases. Liu, E. Mutations of the Kirsten-ras proto-oncogene in human preleukaemia. Matallanas, D. Differences on the inhibitory specificities of H-Ras, K-Ras, and N-Ras N17 dominant negative mutants are related to their membrane microlocalization.

Matsuda, K. Spontaneous improvement of hematologic abnormalities in patients having juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia with specific RAS mutations. Blood , McBride, O. Regional chromosomal localization of N-ras, K-ras-1, K-ras-2 and myb oncogenes in human cells. McCoy, M. McGrath, J. Structure and organization of the human Ki-ras proto-oncogene and a related processed pseudogene.

Meylan, E. Requirement for NF-kappa-B signalling in a mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma. Misale, S. Motojima, K. Detection of point mutations in the Kirsten-ras oncogene provides evidence for the multicentricity of pancreatic carcinoma. Muller, R. Transcription of c-onc genes c-ras Ki and c-fms during mouse development. Nakano, H. Isolation of transforming sequences of two human lung carcinomas: structural and functional analysis of the activated c-K-ras oncogenes.

Niemela, J. Somatic KRAS mutations associated with a human nonmalignant syndrome of autoimmunity and abnormal leukocyte homeostasis. Niihori, T. Nikiforova, M. Nikolaev, S. Somatic activating KRAS mutations in arteriovenous malformations of the brain. O'Brien, S. Dispersion of the ras family of transforming genes to four different chromosomes in man. O'Connell, P. A linkage map for human chromosome Abstract Am. Oliveira, C. Distinct patterns of KRAS mutations in colorectal carcinomas according to germline mismatch repair defects and hMLH1 methylation status.

Otori, K. High frequency of K-ras mutations in human colorectal hyperplastic polyps. Peacock, J. Pfeifer, G. A new verdict for an old convict. Poliseno, L. A coding-independent function of gene and pseudogene mRNAs regulates tumour biology. Popescu, N. Chromosomal localization of three human ras genes by in situ molecular hybridization. Cell Molec. Porta, M. Serum concentrations of organochlorine compounds and K-ras mutations in exocrine pancreatic cancer. Lancet , Pulciani, S.

Oncogene in solid human tumors. Rajagopalan, H. Rijntjes-Jacobs, E. Walther, F. Rodenhuis, S. Mutational activation of the K-RAS oncogene: a possible pathogenetic factor in adenocarcinoma of the lung. Sakaguchi, A. Regional localization of two human cellular Kirsten ras genes on chromosomes 6 and Santos, E.

Malignant activation of a K-ras oncogene in lung carcinoma but not in normal tissue of the same patient. Schubbert, S. Note: Erratum: Nature Genet. Schulz, A. Mutation and phenotypic spectrum in patients with cardio-facio-cutaneous and Costello syndrome Clin. Sharma, M. Neurology , Shimizu, K.

Structure of the Ki-ras gene of the human lung carcinoma cell line Calu Sidransky, D. Identification of RAS oncogene mutations in the stool of patients with curable colorectal tumors. Smit, V. KRAS codon 12 mutations occur very frequently in pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Sommerer, F. Stark, Z. Two novel germline KRAS mutations: expanding the molecular and clinical phenotype. Takagi, M. Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome-like disease with somatic KRAS mutation.

Takeda, S. To, M. Kras regulatory elements and exon 4A determine mutation specificity in lung cancer. Toriello, H. Provisionally unique syndrome of ocular and ectodermal defects in two unrelated boys. Vasko, V. Specific pattern of RAS oncogene mutations in follicular thyroid tumors. Vermeulen, L. Defining stem cell dynamics in models of intestinal tumor initiation. Weinberg, R. Fewer and fewer oncogenes. Wu, M. Interaction between Ras V12 and scribbled clones induces tumour growth and invasion.

Note: Erratum: Nature only, Yanez, L. Oncogene 1: , Yao, W. Syndecan 1 is a critical mediator of macropinocytosis in pancreatic cancer. Yeung, T. Receptor activation alters inner surface potential during phagocytosis. Yun, J. Glucose deprivation contributes to the development of KRAS pathway mutations in tumor cells. Zenker, M. Expansion of the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum in patients with KRAS germline mutations.

Zhang, H. Zhang, Z. Wildtype Kras2 can inhibit lung carcinogenesis in mice. Zimmermann, G. Toggle navigation. A bonus to all MIMmatch users is the option to sign up for updates on new gene-phenotype relationships. Display: Change Bars. Human Protein Atlas. NCBI Protein. Signaling by Leptin.

SOS-mediated signalling. VEGFR2 mediated cell proliferation. ARMS-mediated activation. Signalling to ERKs. Signalling to RAS. Interleukin receptor SHC signaling. Interleukin-2 signaling. Downstream signal transduction. Signaling by PDGF. DAP12 signaling. RET signaling. Insulin receptor signalling cascade. Signaling by Insulin receptor. IRS-mediated signalling.

Signaling by EGFR. IGF1R signaling cascade. DAP12 interactions. NCAM signaling for neurite out-growth. MAPK family signaling cascades. Signalling by NGF. Signaling by VEGF. Downstream signaling of activated FGFR3. Signaling by FGFR3 in disease. Signaling by FGFR3 point mutants in cancer. Downstream signaling of activated FGFR2. Downstream signaling of activated FGFR4. Downstream signaling of activated FGFR1. Signaling by FGFR3 fusions in cancer. Signaling by FGFR4 in disease. ErbB Family Pathway.

ErbB4 Pathway. Prolactin Signaling. Thrombopoietin Pathway. ErbB2-ErbB3 Heterodimers. IL-2 Pathway. TREM1 Pathway. Erratum in: Nature. Rogers, K [corrected to Rodgers, K]. Am J Hum Genet. Epub May 1. Mutant KRAS, chromosomal instability and prognosis in colorectal cancer.

Biochim Biophys Acta. Epub Jul Molecular mechanisms of pancreatic carcinogenesis. Cancer Sci. Germline KRAS mutations cause aberrant biochemical and physical properties leading to developmental disorders. Hum Mutat. Epub Dec 9. KRAS mutations in lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer. Epub Nov 1. J Med Genet. Epub Aug Nat Genet. Epub Feb Physiological analysis of oncogenic K-ras. Methods Enzymol. Costello syndrome and related disorders. Curr Opin Pediatr.

Noonan syndrome: clinical features, diagnosis, and management guidelines. Epub Sep Biochemical and functional characterization of germ line KRAS mutations.